gerund

GERUND

Gerund is the ­­­_Ing form of a verb which takes position as noun.

-          Swimming                   - Running

-          Reading                       - Studying

-          Watching                     - Eating

-          Etc….

Note     : All verbs can be gerund.

The function of ­Verb-Ing :

As verb            : All tenses continuous

As noun           : Gerund ( swimming pool, meeting hall, drawing book, etc… )

As adverb        : Participle ( standing in front of you all ( while ), Not having his meal ( because ),

                          Coming to the class ( before/after )

As adjective    : Participle ( scaring face, crying baby, smiling face, etc… )

1. Kinds of the gerund

1. Gerund as subject

e.g.      : - Reading is my hobby.

              -  Jogging is my activity every week.

              -  Reading can increase our knowledge.

Note :

When gerund takes position as subject, it must be singular.

-          Readings          = uncorrect

-          Reading           = correct

#Reading and writing are my hobby

Even gerund takes position as noun in sentence, but is still brings characteristic of Verb.

       # Jogging in the morning makes our body healt.

2. Gerund as object

Object of certain verbs :

-          Like                 e.g.       : I like writing

-          Enjoy                             She avoids meeting me

-          Consider                        I have delayed doing my homework

-          Miss                               I can enjoy watching movie with you

-          Avoid

-          Deny

-          Anticipate

-          Understand

-          Keep

-          Put off

-          Discuss

-          Mind

-          Appreciate

-          Admit

-          Delay

The object of preposition.

Examples :

-          Last night, I dreamt of meeting you

-          She always thinks about loving me

-          I am sick to playing football with you

-          We got difficulty in doing exam

-          I speak by using English

The object of complement.

Examples :

-          My hobby is swimming

-          My duty is making you understand about Gerund

-          One of my bad habit is smoking in every place

3. Gerund as noun modifier

Gerund modifies the noun that follows, the gerund mostly tells what function of the noun is.

Examples :

-          Meeting hall

-          Whitening lotion

-          Sleeping bed

-          Waiting room

-          Swimming pool

-          Weeding ring

-          Sliming tea

-          Walking stick, etc….

Examples :

-          I am waiting for you in meeting hall

-          This whitening lotion can make your skin bright

-          My house has waiting room large

-          My grandfather walks by using walking stick

4. Gerund as short prohibition

The gerund can be also used as a short prohibition. It is normally used in written sign and found in public places.

Examples :

-          No parking       = Dilarang parker

-          No drying        = Dilarang menjemur

-          No dating         = Dilarang pacaran

-          No sunbathing = Dilarang berjrmur

-          No scratching   = Dilarang mencoret-coret

-          No smoking     = Dilarang merokok

-          No feeding       = Dilarang memberi makan

-          No loitering      = Dilarang meludah

Note :

No parking is not as same as Don’t park.

Don’t park is a direct command we talk to someone directly.

No parking area is not gerund as short prohibition but gerund as noun modifier, it means the place that is not used for parking.

2. Keys of the gerund

1. Gerund after adjective

The adjective such as beautiful, sad, dangerous, new, modern, interesting, happy, wonderful, bad, serious, diligent, etc… can be followed by gerund.

Examples :

-          The rule play has an amazing ending

-          We must have an interesting retelling

-          A dangerous playing must be off

-          Are u serious loving me ?

2. Gerund after possessive adjective

Possessive Adjective : my, your, our, their, her, his, its.

Genitive                    : Lukman’s, Sarif’s, Dimas’, Farid’s, etc….

Examples :

-          He likes my acting

-          Your speaking is not clear.

-          Farid’s dancing is so amazing

-          I proud of Dimas’ playing

3. Gerund after idiomatic expressions

There are some common idiomatic expressions in English that can normally followed by gerund, Such as :

a)      It is / There is no good

-          There is no good playing game

-          There is no much good sleeping too much

-          Is there any good spending our money for cigarette

b)      It is / There is no use

-          There is no use waiting for you

-          There is no use loving you

-          Is there any use memorizing new concept ?

c)      It is / There is no fun

-          There is no fun hating a beautiful girl

-          There is no fun studying with you

-          Is there any fun visiting a scared girl

d)      It is worth

-          Is it worth loving you so much if you don’t love me

-          It is not worth helping a bad guy

-          It is so much worth reading a book

e)      Subject + Can’t stand ( bear / endure )

-          I can’t stand standing up any longer

-          I can’t stand bringing a heavy bag

-          I can’t stand memorizing new concept book.

f)       Subject + Can’t help (avoid / prevent)

-          I can’t help meeting you in this morning

-          I can’t help crying because of meeting you

-          I can’t help getting low value.

g)      Would you mind

-          would you mind helping me ?

-          would you mind doing my job ?

-          would you mind cheating me ?

h)      GO + V-ing

-          Go camping                

-          Go fishing

-          Go camping

-          Go shopping

-          Go sailing

-          Go hiking

examples :   I go shopping every week

                  we go fishing in the sea

                  we have gone hiking around the jungle

4. Gerund after time

Such as : Morning, afternoon, Monday, Sunday, January, June, August, July, tonight, winter, nightly, monthly, annual, daily, etc….

Examples :

-          I have nightly speaking program tonight.

-          Weekly meeting program was the last 2 weeks ago.

-          It is my daily writing

5. Gerund after number

• Cardinal number

-          The painter has done 2 paintings

-          Five hittings are enough for killing you

-          I need 2 shootings to make a goal.

• Ordinal number

-          the first meeting is the first feeling in love

-          the second meeting makes me happy.

-          I ever see you when the first meting of our program.

• Fraction

-          I have done a fourth writing.

-          She finished three fourth reading of this novel.

6.  Gerund after demonstrative words & Question words

It takes position after the, a/an, this, that, these, those, what, which, whose, how many, etc…..

Examples :

-          Is this drawing yours ?

-          Which painting do you want to buy ?

-          Those writings are not mine.

7. Gerund after preposition

It is divided by 2 kinds :

1)      Free preposition : for, from, on, before, after, without, besides, by, etc….

Examples :

-          I study before doing exam.

-          We decided to choose the chief by voting .

-          Besides studying, I work in a factory.

2)      Connected / Fixed / Bound preposition

This preposition can be bound to adjective, noun, or verb.

a.      Adjective + Preposition + Gerund

1.      Be fond of             : gemar / suka

2.      Be capable of        : mampu

3.      Be sick to               : rindu / kangen

4.      Be sick of              : muak

5.      Be successful in     : berhasil dalam

6.      Be accustomed to  : terbiasa dengan

7.      Be afraid of           : takut dengan

8.      Be used for                        : minta maaf

9.      Be used to              : terbiasa

10.  Be good at             : bagus dalam

11.  Be clever at                        : pandai dalam

12.  Be tired of             : lelah

13.  Be responsible for : bertanggung jawab terhadap

14.  Be accused of        : di tuduh

15.  Be interested in      : tertarik dengan

16.  Be scared of          : takut dengan

17.  Be eager of                        : ingin sekali

18.  Be suspected of     : di curigai

19.  Be ashamed of       : malu

20.  Be better of            : lebih baik

21.  Etc…..

Examples :

- I am used to coming on time.

- She is sick of meeting me.

- It is better of doing homework.

b.      Noun + Preposition + Gerund

1.      Success in              : berhasil

2.      Chance of              : kesempatan

3.      Art of                     : seni / berkarya dalam

4.      Hope of                 : harapan akan

5.      Excuse for             : tuduhan untuk

6.      Difficulty in           : kesulitan dalam

7.      Necessity of           : kepentingan dalam

8.      Pride in                  : kebanggaan pada

9.      Habit of                 : kebiasaan untuk

10.  Ability of               : ahli dalam

11.  Right of                 : berhak untuk

12.  Plan for                  : berencana untuk

13.  Proses of                : tahapan

14.  Intention of            : niat untuk

15.  Experience in         : pengalaman dalam

16.  Danger for             : bahaya untuk

17.  Way of                  : jalan / cara

18.  Opportunity of       : kesempatan untuk

19.  Objection to           : keberatan pada

20.  Apology for           : permintaan maaf untuk

21.  Interest in               : ketertarikan dalam

22.  Idea of                   : ide

23.  Meaning of                        : arti

24.  Importance of        : kepentingan dalam

25.  Skill at                   : ahli dalam

26.  Etc…..

Examples :

- I am apology for doing many mistakes

- I change my bad habit of smoking

- I have plan for going abroad next year

c.       Verb + Preposition + Gerund

1.      Think of / about     : berpikir tentang

2.      Dream of / about   : membayangkan / memimpikan

3.      Depend on             : tergantung

4.      Complain of          : mengeluh

5.      Object to                : keberatan pada

6.      Keep on                 : meneruskan

7.      Feel like                 : merasa seperti

8.      Care for                 : peduli pada

9.      Put off                   : mmenunda

10.  Go on                    : meneruskan

11.  Charge with           : berkenaaan dengan

12.  Insist on                 : bersikeras

13.  Fine for                  : mendenda

14.  Give up                  : menyerah

15.  Look forward to    : menanti dengan harap

16.  Die of                    : mati

17.  Etc…

Examples :

- I dream of meeting you in the beautiful place.

- She gives up fighting to get a handsome man.

- I feel like living with you.

h.    Gerund after other verbs

a.      Several verbs which is followed by the gerund with “ Passive Meaning “

-                      Need                -           Require

-                      Want                -           Deserve

Example :

- My hair needs cutting.

- The cat doesn’t want feeding.

- She deserves treating well. ( diperlakukan )

- These flowers require watering.

b.      Several verbs which is followed by the gerund with “ Active Meaning “

- Deny             = Menyangkal / mengingkari

- Appreciate     = menghargai

- Suggest          = menyarankan

- Recommend  = merujuk

- Finish                        = menyelesaikan

- Understand    = mengerti

- Enjoy                         = menikmati

- Anticipate      = mempersiapkan

- Postpone        = Menunda

- Imagine         = membayangkan

- admit             = mengakui

- Risk               = beresiko

- Dread            = takut

- Accuse          = menuduh

- Detest                        = muak

- Escape           = melarikan

- Prevent          = mencegah

- Etc…..

Example :

- I enjoyed watching movie.

- My teacher has finished teaching

- My girlfriend postpones meeting me